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It took Hitler's Luftwaffe to provoke the last great exodus of people from London. First went the children, evacuated en masse to the care of strangers in the countryside, and then after the war whole families were relocated from the rubble of the Blitz to the post-modern New Towns of Britain's brave new world.
Fast-forward seventy years,
and a new displacement is underway. But in 2014, people are being driven from
their homes and communities not by bombs from the air but by the process of
gentrification and the callous indifference of London's housing market.
Today's high-profile case is
that of the New Era housing estate in Hoxton, which houses over 90 families at
below-market rate rents. Earlier this year, the estate was bought by American
property management company Westbrook Partners, who announced their intention to
serve notice to the tenants, refurbish the flats and let them at market prices.
The Guardian contrasts the philanthropic spirit that
conceived the New Era estate with the vulture capitalism that now threatens to tear it down:
Built by a charitable trust in the 1930s in order
to offer working-class residents affordable private rented accommodation. Even
when the blocks were sold this spring, residents say they were assured that the
old tenets would apply. Within weeks, new owners told them that rents would
rise to market values: spiralling from £600 a month for a two-bed flat to something
closer to £2,400. That was meant to happen by summer 2016. After [Conservative
MP Richard] Benyon’s firm pulled out of the deal last week, residents were told
that Westbrook would accelerate the process.
But what seemed like a
hopeless case of the little people versus corporate might has now started to
attract attention, with a change.org petition approaching 300,000
signatures in a matter of weeks, and Revolution
author Russell Brand lending his support to the cause. Boris Johnson has also pledged
to investigate, though it is difficult to see the Mayor of London making a
significant intervention.
It must be acknowledged that the New Era residents have
not always exerted themselves to enlist the support of the casual observer.
Hyperbolic claims about being made "homeless by Christmas" ignore the
alternative of moving out of the borough, and the suggestion that the Tower of
London poppy display represented people who had given their lives for the
sacred cause of socialised housing was opportunistic and crass. And in their
indignation at the prospect of being forced to leave Hoxton, the campaigners
also forget that there are many Britons who, by accident of birth, grew up
outside London and never had the opportunity to enjoy subsidised housing in the
heart of the world's greatest city in the first place.
But setting aside the human
frailties exhibited in the New Era campaign, the remorseless and seemingly
unstoppable process of gentrification and displacement raises difficult
questions that now require urgent thought. Are we willing to accept the
increasing homogenisation of inner London as a place for the one percent and
the upper middle classes? How will we bear the social costs of an increasingly
stratified city, where citizens are increasingly unlikely to work, rest, play -
and so learn to empathise - with other people of differing financial
circumstances? At what point is the marginal benefit of another luxury
apartment building or soulless shopping precinct outweighed by the cost in
human misery of uprooting entire communities from their homes?
There are no easy answers to
any of these questions. Some purists would argue that the market must be left
to function unmolested, the fate of the working poor be damned. Others, such as
Russell Brand, would wave a magic wand every time the "American
corporations" or other bogeymen of the left try to move in, always siding
with the local residents but harming London's competitiveness in the process.
Neither stance is helpful. And in the absence of a national or city-wide
conversation on this thorny issue, the residents groups and development
corporations go to battle alone.
This would seem to put the
New Era residents at a distinct disadvantage, playing David to Westbrook
Partners' Goliath. But people power has already achieved one important victory,
forcing Westbrook’s collaborator Benyon Estates to withdraw from their
involvement in the estate due to negative publicity. Westbrook themselves will
prove a more difficult nut to crack – based in America, they have little cause
to fear reputational or political damage inflicted thousands of miles away. But
the New Era campaigners are gearing up for a fight nonetheless, seeking
international solidarity by pointing out that Westbrook’s principle
shareholders are the pension funds of low-paid public sector workers in America.
In truth, we all have a
stake in this fight, whether we are homeowners or renters, urban dwellers or
country folk. Every day, we bear witness to the immovable forces of globalisation
and capitalism which are dramatically reshaping our world, and which our
leaders frequently seem impotent to control. These forces may not be coming for
our homes, our jobs, our own livelihoods – yet. But when they do, who will fight
for us tomorrow if we fail to stand up for those like the New Era residents,
who need our support today?
Samuel Hooper is a freelance
journalist. He blogs at SemiPartisanSam.com and can be found on Twitter
@SamHooper.
